Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug in Europe, with 8% of adults (22.8 million) having used the drug in the last year. This figure varies between countries, but it is clear that cannabis is an integral part of the drug culture in the region. This can be read in the recently published European drug report 2024.
Health problems and treatment
Around 1.3% of the adult population in the EU (3.7 million) use cannabis daily or almost daily. This constitutes the group most at risk of health problems such as chronic respiratory problems, cannabis abuse and mental health symptoms. Cannabis is also a significant cause of treatment outreach, accounting for one third of all drug-related treatment cases in Europe. Cognitive behavioural therapy is a common treatment method and e-health (online interventions) is becoming increasingly popular.
The cannabis market in Europe
Seizures of cannabis products continue to be high. However, the total amount of cannabis resin seized decreased in 2022, while the amount of herbal cannabis seized increased. Spain is a key player in cannabis transit and production in Europe, with large seizures suggesting changing smuggling routes. The potency of seized cannabis resin has also increased, which may entail higher health risks.
Policy development
Several EU countries are considering or have changed their laws on the recreational use of cannabis. Countries such as Malta, Luxembourg and Germany have introduced laws for home cultivation and use in private settings. These changes reflect a more tolerant approach to cannabis use, while also creating new challenges for regulation and public health.
Challenges and Future Prospects
The diversification of the cannabis market and the emergence of new products, including synthetic cannabinoids, place new demands on regulations and healthcare. To effectively address these challenges, continued research and a better understanding of the problems experienced by cannabis users are needed.
What is the European Drug Report?
The European Drug Report 2024 presents a comprehensive analysis of the drug situation in Europe. The report focuses on illegal drug use, related harms, and drug markets. It contains national data on drug use, specialised drug treatment and harm reduction interventions. Key trends include high availability of illicit drugs, increasing problems with synthetic drugs, and changes in drug markets. The report also highlights policy developments and the need for continued research to effectively address drug-related challenges.
What is EMCDDA?
The EMCDDA, or European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, is an EU agency established in 1993. The Agency’s main mission is to provide fact-based information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe, which includes collecting, analysing and disseminating data on drug use and related problems. The EMCDDA plays an important role in informing policymakers and the public about trends, developments and the effectiveness of various policies and interventions in the field of drugs.
Shortly, the EMCDDA will change to the new name EU Drugs Agency (EUDA).