The part-legalisation of cannabis in Malta has not resulted in a significant rise in consumption, according to a recent survey. Conducted in collaboration with the Authority for the Responsible Use of Cannabis (ARUC), the study offers insight into the effects of cannabis reform since Malta became the first EU country to legalize personal cannabis use in 2021. Contrary to fears that legalization would lead to a surge in cannabis consumption, the findings suggest otherwise.
Survey highlights stability in usage rates
The survey, carried out by Esprimi, found that 4.3% of the population above the age of 16 consumed cannabis in the past year. This figure is nearly identical to the results of a 2013 study, which estimated annual cannabis use at 4.3% for the same demographic. The data indicates that cannabis use has remained stable over the past decade, even after the introduction of legal reforms.
Of those who reported cannabis use, the majority fell within the 18–34 age bracket. This finding aligns with broader global trends, where younger adults are more likely to consume cannabis.
Shifts in public perception
The survey also revealed that Malta’s residents are increasingly supportive of cannabis legalization, with nearly 61% agreeing that it is a positive step forward. A significant portion of respondents cited the decriminalization of personal use and the establishment of cannabis associations as crucial to curbing the illicit market. This perspective highlights a shift in public opinion, as more individuals recognize the potential benefits of a regulated cannabis market over prohibitionist policies.
The role of regulated cannabis associations
Cannabis reform in Malta has allowed for the creation of non-profit cannabis associations, where members can purchase cannabis for personal use. These associations are tightly regulated, with strict limits on membership and cultivation. Their aim is to provide a legal and safe alternative to black-market suppliers while promoting responsible use.
While 64% of survey respondents expressed awareness of these associations, only 6% of the population has actively engaged with them, either as members or through inquiries. This limited engagement suggests that many cannabis users still rely on other sources for their supply or have not yet fully embraced the legal avenues available.
Lessons from Malta’s cautious approach
Malta’s model of cannabis regulation provides an interesting case study for other countries debating legalization. The results of this survey challenge the assumption that legal access leads to higher consumption rates. Instead, the Maltese experience suggests that thoughtful regulation and public education can maintain stable usage rates while reducing the harms associated with unregulated markets.
Moving forward with data-driven policies
As Malta continues to implement its cannabis reform, ongoing research and monitoring will be essential. The findings from this survey underscore the importance of evidence-based policymaking and highlight how careful planning can mitigate the potential risks of legalization.
The Maltese government and ARUC have emphasized their commitment to responsible use and public health, ensuring that cannabis legalization remains a controlled and socially beneficial process. With support for cannabis reform growing and consumption rates holding steady, Malta’s approach could serve as a blueprint for other nations seeking to modernize their drug policies.